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Cáncer de próstata: Asociación de características patológicas con los polimorfismos genéticos C677T y A1298C del gen metilentetrahidrofolato reductasa (MTHFR) en población ecuatoriana

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Introduction.- Prostate cancer is the most frequent type of cancer in men and the second cause of death for this type of disease in the United States. In Ecuador the incidence of this illness has increased over the last years. The MTHFR gene plays an important role in the metabolism of folic acid; therefore, in the DNA synthesis, reparation, and methylation. The C677T and A1298C polymorphisms have been associated with defects in the neural tube and cerebrovascular diseases. The aim consisted in determining the association of the polymorphisms with pathological characteristics of prostate cancer.

Material and methods.- Case-control study carried out in Quito between 2004 and 2006; 104 prostate cancer tissue samples, coming from Carlos Andrade Marín and Solón Espinosa Ayala Hospitals, and 110 peripheral blood samples from control subjects were analyzed. DNA was extracted and genotypified through the PCR-RFLP enzymatic technique. The statistical analysis was applied with Chi-square (χ2) and Odds ratio (OR) tests.

Results.- It was determined that the MTHFR C/T genotype and the combination of the MTHFR C/T and C/T + T/T genotypes obtained an OR of 2.2 (IC 1.3-3.9; P = 0.008). Considering the MTHFR A1298C polymorphism, the OR values were not significant.

Conclusions.- There is a statistically significant association between the MTHFR C/T genotype and prostate cancer. This increases by 2.2 times theprobability of acquiring this type of cancer. On the contrary, no association was found among pathological characteristics and the studied polymorphisms.

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